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Incident 464: ChatGPT Provided Non-Existent Citations and Links when Prompted by Users

Description: When prompted about providing references, ChatGPT was reportedly generating non-existent but convincing-looking citations and links, which is also known as "hallucination".

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Alleged: OpenAI developed and deployed an AI system, which harmed ChatGPT users.

Incident Stats

Incident ID
464
Report Count
4
Incident Date
2022-11-30
Editors
Khoa Lam
Applied Taxonomies
MIT

MIT Taxonomy Classifications

Machine-Classified
Taxonomy Details

Risk Subdomain

A further 23 subdomains create an accessible and understandable classification of hazards and harms associated with AI
 

3.1. False or misleading information

Risk Domain

The Domain Taxonomy of AI Risks classifies risks into seven AI risk domains: (1) Discrimination & toxicity, (2) Privacy & security, (3) Misinformation, (4) Malicious actors & misuse, (5) Human-computer interaction, (6) Socioeconomic & environmental harms, and (7) AI system safety, failures & limitations.
 
  1. Misinformation

Entity

Which, if any, entity is presented as the main cause of the risk
 

AI

Timing

The stage in the AI lifecycle at which the risk is presented as occurring
 

Post-deployment

Intent

Whether the risk is presented as occurring as an expected or unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal
 

Unintentional

Incident Reports

Reports Timeline

Aligning Language Models to Follow InstructionsIncident Occurrence+1
ChatGPT produces made-up nonexistent references
ChatGPT should be considered a malevolent AI and destroyed
Aligning Language Models to Follow Instructions

Aligning Language Models to Follow Instructions

openai.com

ChatGPT produces made-up nonexistent references

ChatGPT produces made-up nonexistent references

news.ycombinator.com

Why is Everyone Bashing ChatGPT?

Why is Everyone Bashing ChatGPT?

analyticsindiamag.com

ChatGPT should be considered a malevolent AI and destroyed

ChatGPT should be considered a malevolent AI and destroyed

theregister.com

Aligning Language Models to Follow Instructions
openai.com · 2022

We've trained language models that are much better at following user intentions than GPT-3 while also making them more truthful and less toxic, using techniques developed through our alignment research. These InstructGPT models, which are t…

ChatGPT produces made-up nonexistent references
news.ycombinator.com · 2022

I was trying to find references to mathematical treatment of lists, and queried ChatGPT the following:

Please provide references that deal with the mathematical properties of lists

To which ChatGPT responded as follows:

    "Introduction to…
Why is Everyone Bashing ChatGPT?
analyticsindiamag.com · 2022

Unfounded assumptions, bad advice, incorrect information—the biggest source of problems on the internet today is people blindly buying into hype. ChatGPT, which has taken the internet by the storm recently, seems to be making it a lot easie…

ChatGPT should be considered a malevolent AI and destroyed
theregister.com · 2023

“I’m sorry Dave, I’m afraid I can’t do that.”

These were the words that introduced most people in my generation to the concept of an AI gone rogue; HAL 9000 in the classic science fiction movie 2001: A Space Odyssey, eventually went insane …

Variants

A "variant" is an incident that shares the same causative factors, produces similar harms, and involves the same intelligent systems as a known AI incident. Rather than index variants as entirely separate incidents, we list variations of incidents under the first similar incident submitted to the database. Unlike other submission types to the incident database, variants are not required to have reporting in evidence external to the Incident Database. Learn more from the research paper.
approved
Incident Date:
2000-01-01
Description of Incident Circumstances
Journalistic reporting on the circumstances of the incident to help inform people what happened, where, involving who, when, and why.
 

New text example with more than 80 characters. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

Inputs / Outputs
The sequence of data inputs into the intelligent system and outputs produced by the system involved in the incident. For a chatbot, this will generally present a back and forth between a human and the chatbot's responses.
 

New Input text

Test output text with markdown

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