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Incident 444: US Air Force's Patriot Missile Mistakenly Launched at Ally Fighter Jet, Killing Two

Description: Acting on the recommendation of their Patriot missile system, American Air Force mistakenly launched the missile at an ally UK Tornado fighter jet, which killed two crew members on board.

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Alleged: Raytheon and Lockheed Martin developed an AI system deployed by US Air Force, which harmed US Air Force , UK Royal Air Force , Kevin Main and David Williams.

Incident Stats

Incident ID
444
Report Count
3
Incident Date
2003-03-22
Editors
Khoa Lam
Applied Taxonomies
MIT

MIT Taxonomy Classifications

Machine-Classified
Taxonomy Details

Risk Subdomain

A further 23 subdomains create an accessible and understandable classification of hazards and harms associated with AI
 

7.3. Lack of capability or robustness

Risk Domain

The Domain Taxonomy of AI Risks classifies risks into seven AI risk domains: (1) Discrimination & toxicity, (2) Privacy & security, (3) Misinformation, (4) Malicious actors & misuse, (5) Human-computer interaction, (6) Socioeconomic & environmental harms, and (7) AI system safety, failures & limitations.
 
  1. AI system safety, failures, and limitations

Entity

Which, if any, entity is presented as the main cause of the risk
 

AI

Timing

The stage in the AI lifecycle at which the risk is presented as occurring
 

Post-deployment

Intent

Whether the risk is presented as occurring as an expected or unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal
 

Unintentional

Incident Reports

Reports Timeline

Incident Occurrence+1
Tornado crew shot down after friend or foe system failed
Understanding the errors introduced by military AI applications
Tornado crew shot down after friend or foe system failed

Tornado crew shot down after friend or foe system failed

thetimes.co.uk

Patriot missile: friend or foe?

Patriot missile: friend or foe?

theregister.com

Understanding the errors introduced by military AI applications

Understanding the errors introduced by military AI applications

brookings.edu

Tornado crew shot down after friend or foe system failed
thetimes.co.uk · 2004

With 60 seconds to decide whether the dot approaching at a rapid speed from 23,000ft was a friendly bomber returning from a mission over Baghdad or an incoming Iraqi missile, an American Patriot anti-aircraft battery opened fire.

The split-…

Patriot missile: friend or foe?
theregister.com · 2004

Our recent story on the 2003 friendly-fire incident which saw a US Patriot missile down a RAF Tornado with the loss of both crew members, prompted several reader comments on the weapon's chequered history.

Long before Gulf War II, there was…

Understanding the errors introduced by military AI applications
brookings.edu · 2022

On March 22, 2003, two days into the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, American troops fired a Patriot interceptor missile at what they assumed was an Iraqi anti-radiation missile designed to destroy air-defense systems. Acting on the recommendati…

Variants

A "variant" is an incident that shares the same causative factors, produces similar harms, and involves the same intelligent systems as a known AI incident. Rather than index variants as entirely separate incidents, we list variations of incidents under the first similar incident submitted to the database. Unlike other submission types to the incident database, variants are not required to have reporting in evidence external to the Incident Database. Learn more from the research paper.

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